Method of DifferentiationhardFree

Method of Differentiation — JEE Maths practice question

JEE Maths question with a full step-by-step solution.

Question
If y=xa212a21tan1 ⁣(sinxa+a21+cosx)y=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}\tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{\sin x}{a+\sqrt{a^{2}-1}+\cos x}\right), where a(,1)(1,)a\in(-\infty,-1)\cup(1,\infty), then y ⁣(π2)y'\!\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right) equals
A1a\dfrac{1}{a}correct
B2a\dfrac{2}{a}
C12a\dfrac{1}{2a}
Daa
Solution
Step 1: Let A=a+a21A=a+\sqrt{a^{2}-1}. Differentiate yy:
dydx=1a212a2111+(sinxA+cosx)2(A+cosx)cosx+sin2x(A+cosx)2\dfrac{dy}{dx}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{1+\left(\dfrac{\sin x}{A+\cos x}\right)^{2}}\cdot\dfrac{(A+\cos x)\cos x+\sin^{2}x}{(A+\cos x)^{2}}
Step 2: The numerator of the inner derivative simplifies to:
ddx ⁣(sinxA+cosx)=Acosx+cos2x+sin2x(A+cosx)2=Acosx+1(A+cosx)2\dfrac{d}{dx}\!\left(\dfrac{\sin x}{A+\cos x}\right)=\dfrac{A\cos x+\cos^{2}x+\sin^{2}x}{(A+\cos x)^{2}}=\dfrac{A\cos x+1}{(A+\cos x)^{2}}
Step 3: At x=π2x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}: sinπ2=1\sin\dfrac{\pi}{2}=1 and cosπ2=0\cos\dfrac{\pi}{2}=0. The tan1\tan^{-1} argument =1A=\dfrac{1}{A}, so 1+(1A)2=A2+1A21+\left(\dfrac{1}{A}\right)^{2}=\dfrac{A^{2}+1}{A^{2}}. The inner derivative at x=π2x=\dfrac{\pi}{2} becomes A0+1A2=1A2\dfrac{A\cdot 0+1}{A^{2}}=\dfrac{1}{A^{2}}. Step 4:
dydxx=π/2=1a212a21A2A2+11A2=1a21(12A2+1)=1a21A21A2+1\dfrac{dy}{dx}\bigg|_{x=\pi/2}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}\cdot\dfrac{A^{2}}{A^{2}+1}\cdot\dfrac{1}{A^{2}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}\left(1-\dfrac{2}{A^{2}+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}\cdot\dfrac{A^{2}-1}{A^{2}+1}
Step 5: Substitute A=a+a21A=a+\sqrt{a^{2}-1}:
A2=2a21+2aa21,A21=2(a21)+2aa21=2a21(a+a21)A^{2}=2a^{2}-1+2a\sqrt{a^{2}-1},\quad A^{2}-1=2(a^{2}-1)+2a\sqrt{a^{2}-1}=2\sqrt{a^{2}-1}(a+\sqrt{a^{2}-1})
A2+1=2a2+2aa21=2a(a+a21)A^{2}+1=2a^{2}+2a\sqrt{a^{2}-1}=2a(a+\sqrt{a^{2}-1})
So:
A21A2+1=2a21(a+a21)2a(a+a21)=a21a\dfrac{A^{2}-1}{A^{2}+1}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{a^{2}-1}(a+\sqrt{a^{2}-1})}{2a(a+\sqrt{a^{2}-1})}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}{a}
Step 6: Substituting back:
dydxx=π/2=1a21a21a=1a\dfrac{dy}{dx}\bigg|_{x=\pi/2}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a^{2}-1}}{a}=\dfrac{1}{a}
Correct answer: (1)
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