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∫ sinx sin2x sin3x sin4x dx, 0 to π/2 | JEE

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Question
∫0π/2sin⁡x sin⁡2x sin⁡3x sin⁡4x dx\displaystyle\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\sin x\,\sin 2x\,\sin 3x\,\sin 4x\,dx equals
Aπ4\dfrac{\pi}{4}
Bπ8\dfrac{\pi}{8}
Cπ16\dfrac{\pi}{16}correct
Dπ32\dfrac{\pi}{32}
Solution
Step 1: Call the integral II and apply the property ∫0π/2f(x) dx=∫0π/2f ⁣(π2−x)dx\displaystyle\int_{0}^{\pi/2}f(x)\,dx=\int_{0}^{\pi/2}f\!\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-x\right)dx. Under x↦π2−xx\mapsto\dfrac{\pi}{2}-x,
sin⁡x→cos⁡x,sin⁡2x→sin⁡2x,sin⁡3x→cos⁡3x,sin⁡4x→−sin⁡4x.\sin x\to\cos x,\quad \sin 2x\to\sin 2x,\quad \sin 3x\to\cos 3x,\quad \sin 4x\to-\sin 4x.
But sin⁡4x→sin⁡ ⁣(2π−4x)=−sin⁡4x\sin 4x\to\sin\!\big(2\pi-4x\big)=-\sin 4x; combined with the sign bookkeeping the reflected integrand is
I=∫0π/2cos⁡x sin⁡2x cos⁡3x sin⁡4x dx.I=\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\cos x\,\sin 2x\,\cos 3x\,\sin 4x\,dx.
Step 2: Add the two forms of II:
2I=∫0π/2sin⁡2x sin⁡4x (sin⁡xsin⁡3x+cos⁡xcos⁡3x) dx=∫0π/2sin⁡2x sin⁡4x cos⁡2x dx,2I=\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\sin 2x\,\sin 4x\,\big(\sin x\sin 3x+\cos x\cos 3x\big)\,dx=\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\sin 2x\,\sin 4x\,\cos 2x\,dx,
using cos⁡xcos⁡3x+sin⁡xsin⁡3x=cos⁡(3x−x)=cos⁡2x\cos x\cos 3x+\sin x\sin 3x=\cos(3x-x)=\cos 2x. Step 3: Combine sin⁡2xcos⁡2x=12sin⁡4x\sin 2x\cos 2x=\dfrac12\sin 4x, so
2I=12∫0π/2sin⁡24x dx=12∫0π/21−cos⁡8x2 dx.2I=\dfrac12\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\sin^{2}4x\,dx=\dfrac12\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\dfrac{1-\cos 8x}{2}\,dx.
Step 4: Evaluate. Over [0,π/2][0,\pi/2], ∫0π/2cos⁡8x dx=0\displaystyle\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\cos 8x\,dx=0, hence
2I=14⋅π2=π8 ⇒ I=π16.2I=\dfrac14\cdot\dfrac{\pi}{2}=\dfrac{\pi}{8}\ \Rightarrow\ I=\dfrac{\pi}{16}.
Correct answer: (3)
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