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Infinite product of (r^3 - 8)/(r^3 + 8) from r = 3 | JEE Advanced

JEE Maths question with a full step-by-step solution.

Question
lim⁡n→∞∏r=3nr3−8r3+8=\lim_{n\to\infty}\prod_{r=3}^{n}\frac{r^3-8}{r^3+8} =
A13\dfrac13
B25\dfrac25
C38\dfrac38
D27\dfrac27correct
Solution
Step 1:
r3−8=(r−2)(r2+2r+4),r3+8=(r+2)(r2−2r+4)r^3-8 = \left(r-2\right)\left(r^2+2r+4\right),\qquad r^3+8 = \left(r+2\right)\left(r^2-2r+4\right)
Step 2: Let φ(r)=r2−2r+4\varphi(r) = r^2-2r+4. Then
φ(r+2)=(r+2)2−2(r+2)+4=r2+2r+4\varphi(r+2) = \left(r+2\right)^2-2\left(r+2\right)+4 = r^2+2r+4
r3−8r3+8=r−2r+2⋅φ(r+2)φ(r)\frac{r^3-8}{r^3+8} = \frac{r-2}{r+2}\cdot\frac{\varphi(r+2)}{\varphi(r)}
Both factors telescope. Step 3:
∏r=3nr−2r+2=1⋅2⋅3⋯(n−2)5⋅6⋅7⋯(n+2)=(n−2)! ⋅4!(n+2)!=24(n+2)(n+1)n(n−1)\prod_{r=3}^{n}\frac{r-2}{r+2} = \frac{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdots(n-2)}{5\cdot6\cdot7\cdots(n+2)} = \frac{(n-2)!\,\cdot 4!}{(n+2)!} = \frac{24}{(n+2)(n+1)n(n-1)}
Step 4: φ\varphi is shifted by two, so two factors are left at each end.
∏r=3nφ(r+2)φ(r)=φ(n+1)φ(n+2)φ(3)φ(4)\prod_{r=3}^{n}\frac{\varphi(r+2)}{\varphi(r)} = \frac{\varphi(n+1)\varphi(n+2)}{\varphi(3)\varphi(4)}
φ(3)=7,φ(4)=12,φ(n+1)=n2+3,φ(n+2)=n2+2n+4\varphi(3) = 7,\qquad \varphi(4) = 12,\qquad \varphi(n+1) = n^2+3,\qquad \varphi(n+2) = n^2+2n+4
Step 5:
∏r=3nr3−8r3+8=24(n2+3)(n2+2n+4)84 (n+2)(n+1)n(n−1)\prod_{r=3}^{n}\frac{r^3-8}{r^3+8} = \frac{24\left(n^2+3\right)\left(n^2+2n+4\right)}{84\,(n+2)(n+1)n(n-1)}
Numerator and denominator are both quartic in nn, so
(n2+3)(n2+2n+4)∼n4,(n+2)(n+1)n(n−1)∼n4\left(n^2+3\right)\left(n^2+2n+4\right) \sim n^4 ,\qquad (n+2)(n+1)n(n-1) \sim n^4
lim⁡n→∞=2484=27\lim_{n\to\infty} = \frac{24}{84} = \frac27
Answer: (4) 27\dfrac27
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