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Integral of arctan((tanx−2cotx)/3) | JEE

JEE Maths question with a full step-by-step solution.

Question
Let tan1 ⁣(tanx2)dx=α\int \tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{\tan x}{2}\right)dx=\alpha. Then for 0<x<π20<x<\dfrac{\pi}{2}, the value of tan1 ⁣(tanx2cotx3)dx\displaystyle\int \tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{\tan x-2\cot x}{3}\right)dx equals
Aα+πx2+x22+c\alpha+\dfrac{\pi x}{2}+\dfrac{x^{2}}{2}+c
Bαπx2+x22+c\alpha-\dfrac{\pi x}{2}+\dfrac{x^{2}}{2}+ccorrect
Cαπx2+x22+c-\alpha-\dfrac{\pi x}{2}+\dfrac{x^{2}}{2}+c
Dα+πx2x22+c-\alpha+\dfrac{\pi x}{2}-\dfrac{x^{2}}{2}+c
Solution
Step 1: Recognise the arctangent difference law. Since tanxcotx=1\tan x\cdot\cot x=1, the constant 33 in the denominator can be read as 1+2tanxcotx1+2\tan x\cot x:
tanx2cotx3=tanx2cotx1+(tanx)(2cotx)\dfrac{\tan x-2\cot x}{3}=\dfrac{\tan x-2\cot x}{1+(\tan x)(2\cot x)}
This is precisely the expansion of a difference of arctangents:
tan1 ⁣(tanx2cotx3)=tan1(tanx)tan1(2cotx)\tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{\tan x-2\cot x}{3}\right)=\tan^{-1}(\tan x)-\tan^{-1}(2\cot x)
Step 2: Evaluate each inverse function on (0,π2)\left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right). Here tan1(tanx)=x\tan^{-1}(\tan x)=x. For the second term, 2cotx=2tanx2\cot x=\dfrac{2}{\tan x}, so by the complementary identity
tan1(2cotx)=tan1 ⁣(2tanx)=π2tan1 ⁣(tanx2)\tan^{-1}(2\cot x)=\tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{2}{\tan x}\right)=\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{\tan x}{2}\right)
Step 3: Substitute these back into the integrand:
tan1 ⁣(tanx2cotx3)=x[π2tan1 ⁣(tanx2)]=xπ2+tan1 ⁣(tanx2)\tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{\tan x-2\cot x}{3}\right)=x-\left[\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{\tan x}{2}\right)\right]=x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+\tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{\tan x}{2}\right)
Step 4: Integrate term by term, using tan1 ⁣(tanx2)dx=α\displaystyle\int\tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{\tan x}{2}\right)dx=\alpha as given:
I=[xπ2+tan1 ⁣(tanx2)]dx=x22πx2+α+cI=\int\left[x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+\tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{\tan x}{2}\right)\right]dx=\dfrac{x^{2}}{2}-\dfrac{\pi x}{2}+\alpha+c
Correct answer: (2)
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