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Bounding |z4| in the Blaschke Relation z3 = z2(z1-z4)/(conj(z1)z4-1) | JEE

JEE Maths question with a full step-by-step solution.

Question
Given z1,z2,z3,z4z_1, z_2, z_3, z_4 are four points in the complex plane such that z1<1\left|z_1\right| < 1, z2=1\left|z_2\right| = 1 and z31\left|z_3\right| \le 1, and
z3=z2(z1z4)z1ˉz41,z_3 = \frac{z_2\left(z_1 - z_4\right)}{\bar{z_1}z_4 - 1} ,
then z4\left|z_4\right| can be (z1z4)\left(z_1 \ne z_4\right)
A22
B25\dfrac25correct
C13\dfrac13correct
D52\dfrac52
Solution
Step 1: Take the modulus of the given relation and use z2=1\left|z_2\right| = 1.
z3=z2z1z4z1ˉz41=z1z4z1ˉz41.\left|z_3\right| = \frac{\left|z_2\right|\left|z_1-z_4\right|}{\left|\bar{z_1}z_4-1\right|} = \frac{\left|z_1-z_4\right|}{\left|\bar{z_1}z_4-1\right|} .
Step 2: Impose z31\left|z_3\right| \le 1 and clear the denominator.
z1z4z1ˉz41.\left|z_1 - z_4\right| \le \left|\bar{z_1}z_4 - 1\right| .
Step 3: Square both sides, using A2=AAˉ|A|^{2} = A\bar A.
(z1z4)(z1ˉz4ˉ)(z1ˉz41)(z1z4ˉ1).\left(z_1-z_4\right)\left(\bar{z_1}-\bar{z_4}\right) \le \left(\bar{z_1}z_4-1\right)\left(z_1\bar{z_4}-1\right).
Step 4: Expand the left side.
z12+z42z1z4ˉz1ˉz4.\left|z_1\right|^{2} + \left|z_4\right|^{2} - z_1\bar{z_4} - \bar{z_1}z_4 .
Step 5: Expand the right side.
z12z42z1ˉz4z1z4ˉ+1.\left|z_1\right|^{2}\left|z_4\right|^{2} - \bar{z_1}z_4 - z_1\bar{z_4} + 1 .
Step 6: The two cross terms are identical on both sides, so they cancel:
z12+z42z12z42+1.\left|z_1\right|^{2} + \left|z_4\right|^{2} \le \left|z_1\right|^{2}\left|z_4\right|^{2} + 1 .
Step 7: Move everything to one side and factorise.
z12z12z42+z4210\left|z_1\right|^{2} - \left|z_1\right|^{2}\left|z_4\right|^{2} + \left|z_4\right|^{2} - 1 \le 0
    z12(1z42)(1z42)0\implies \left|z_1\right|^{2}\left(1 - \left|z_4\right|^{2}\right) - \left(1 - \left|z_4\right|^{2}\right) \le 0
    (z121)(1z42)0.\implies \left(\left|z_1\right|^{2} - 1\right)\left(1 - \left|z_4\right|^{2}\right) \le 0 .
Step 8: Use z1<1\left|z_1\right| < 1, which makes the first bracket strictly negative. Dividing by a negative number flips the inequality:
1z420    z41.1 - \left|z_4\right|^{2} \ge 0 \implies \left|z_4\right| \le 1 .
Step 9: Check the options against z41\left|z_4\right| \le 1: 25\dfrac25 and 13\dfrac13 qualify, while 22 and 52\dfrac52 do not. Answer: (2) and (3).
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